Bankruptcy - general information

Why filing for bankruptcy may help you:


 


Bankruptcy can be a way to get rid of most of your debts. If you successfully complete your bankruptcy, your most of your debts will be discharged -- you don't have to pay them any more.

Once you file for bankruptcy, you are protected by the bankruptcy court through the automatic stay. For example, creditors cannot keep hassling you about your bills, they cannot seize your property, and they cannot garnish your wages while you are in bankruptcy.

Through a Chapter 13 bankruptcy, you may be able to save your home or your car if you are behind on your payments. In order to do this, you must be able to resume making your regular payments and pay a little extra each month to the bankruptcy Trustee.

Why filing for bankruptcy may not help you:


 


Bankruptcy will NOT discharge child support, alimony obligations, most tax debts or student loans. This means that even if you complete your bankruptcy, you will still have pay back these types of debt.

Bankruptcy may not be able to protect your secured property, such as your car or your home. This is because bankruptcy may get rid of your personal obligation to pay your loan, but it doesn't get rid of the secured creditor's right to take the property back if you don't make your payments.

What's a Chapter 7?


 

A Chapter 7 bankruptcy is a "liquidation" bankruptcy. This means that the bankruptcy Trustee takes your "non-exempt" property and liquidates it (or sells it) to pay your creditors. The property that you are allowed to protect from the Trustee is called your "exempt" property (see below for more information about exempt property).

If all your property is exempt then there is nothing for the Trustee to liquidate. Your debts are discharged once you complete your Chapter 7. You don't have to make any payments to the Trustee in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy. You usually get your discharge within 4 to 5 months if you don't have any property for the Trustee to liquidate.

What's a Chapter 13?


 


In a Chapter 13 bankruptcy, you make regular payments to the bankruptcy Trustee, who uses this money to pay off at least some of your debt. One of the main advantages of a Chapter 13 is that it gives you a chance to save your house if you are in foreclosure.

To successfully save your house, you must be able to make your regular mortgage payments and to make your payments to the Trustee every month. A Chapter 13 will not save your house if you simply can't afford your mortgage payments!

What is exempt property?


 


Bankruptcy is designed to give someone who is seriously in debt a fresh start by getting rid of that debt.

A fresh start does not mean that the debtor has to start over without anything. Some of your property is protected from liquidation by the Trustee (who acts on behalf of your creditors) so that once you've completed the bankruptcy, you have something to start over with. This means that the Trustee cannot liquidate (or sell) your exempt property to pay back your creditors.

For most people, the biggest exemption is for their home. The amount of the exemption varies by state. In Oregon, as of 2010, a single debtor can protect up to $40,000 of equity in real property.